Eating Disorders 
 โรคความผิดปกติของการกิน
 - Anorexia Nervosa
 - Bulimia Nervosa
 - Compulsive
   Overeating

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Prevalence of Eating Disorders:

Each year, millions of people in the United States succumb to potentially 
life-threatening eating disorders. Estimates of people afflicted with Anorexia 
Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa in the United States range from 2% to 6%. This 
implies that between 5 and 16 million people suffer from these disorders. 
Approximately 90% of those afflicted with these disorders are women. The 
potentially fatal disease, Anorexia Nervosa, occurs within the population at 
approximately .5% to 2%. Estimates for the occurrence of Bulimia Nervosa range 
between 1% to 4% of the population. Although eating disorders can affect people of 
all ages, 86% of individuals afflicted with these disorders report the onset before the 
age of 20. The occurrence of eating disorders among college age women can 
almost be considered epidemic. Between 19% and 30% of this age group display 
bulimic behavior. The current trend is that eating disorders are affecting younger and 
younger individuals. It is estimated that currently 11% of high school students may 
have a diagnosable eating disorder. Athletes and dancers may face a greater risk 
for developing an eating disorder. In ballet, for example, success may depend on 
the attainment of a wiry and extremely thin body type. For athletes, particularly 
women in “appearance sports” which include gymnastics and figure skating, 
appearance also seems to play a key role in success. Of females who participate  
in these types of athletic activities, as well as track and cross-country, 62% have 
been reported to have eating disorders. 

Course and Outcome of Eating Disorders:
The onset for Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa is usually during late 
adolescence or early adulthood. The illnesses usually begin following a stressful  
life event. Many eating disordered individuals feel out of control with their life and 
through the practice of the eating disorder get a false sense of control. They often 
went through a period of being overweight and being teased or felt left out because 
of their weight. Their first attempts at weight loss were often met with success and 
positive comments from their family and peers. Of individuals with eating disorders, 
77% usually practice their eating disorders between 1 and 15 years. Eating 
disorders are among the deadliest mental disorders with up to 10% succumbing to 
death as a result of starvation, cardiac arrest, or suicide. Eating disorders are most 
successfully treated with early diagnosis. For anorexics that receive treatment, 40% 
recover completely, 40% make only partial recovery, and 20% have chronic 
problems. For bulimics, 50% recover completely, 35% have some bulimic episodes, 
and 15% still have chronic problems with their bulimia. 

Medical Complications of Eating Disorders 
ความผิดปกติร่างกายทางการแพทย์อันมีผลจากโรคความผิดปกติการกิน
The following is a list of possible medical complications that accompany Eating 
Disorders. If left untreated the physical complications from practicing an eating 
disorder can become life threatening.

CARDIOVASCULAR - ความผิดปกติระบบการไหลเวียนโลหิต
Slow pulse 
Low blood pressure 
Electrocardiogram abnormalities 
Hypovolemia 
Myocardiopathy and CHF (especially with use of ipecac) 

CHEMISTRIES - ความผิดปกติของสารเคมีในร่างกาย
Uric acid elevated 
Cholesterol is abnormal (elevated or depressed) 
Carotene is elevated 
Deficiencies of trace minerals 
Low blood glucose 
Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis 

DENTAL AND MOUTH - ความผิดปกติของสุขอนามัยในช่องปากและฟัน
Increased dental caries 
Highly sensitive teeth from gingival deterioration 
Pyorrhea 
Lacerations and contusions of the oral cavity from use of objects to induce emesis 
Tooth Loss 
Erosion of enamel 
Altered bite 
Bleeding gums 
Oral sensitivity 

DERMATOLOGIC - ความผิดปกติของผิวหนัง
Dry skin 
Loss of subcutaneous tissues and fat in general 
Scars (such as on knuckles due to inducing emesis) 
Fine lanugo hair 
Acrocyanosis 

EFFECTS ON BRAIN AND CNS - ผลต่อระบบประสาทส่วนกลางและสมอง
Lack of REM sleep 
Affected hypothalamus (lower body temperature, loss of shivering response, cold intolerance, and malfunction of entire temperature regulating system) due to chronic malnutrition 
EEG abnormalities 

ENDOCRINE - ผลต่อระบบฮอร์โมนและต่อมไร้ท่อ
T-3 deficiency (leading to bradycardia, sluggish reflexes, dry skin, cold intolerance, hypercarotenemia, and various abnormalities of the hair) 
Abnormal calcium levels and symptoms 
Hypogonadism 
Partial diabetes insipidus condition and the inability to concentrate urine normally 
Addisons disease or hyperaldosteronism 

FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE ABNORMALITIES 
ความผิดปกติสมดุลของอีเลคโทรไลท์ และระดับน้ำในร่างกาย
Effects of resultant metabolic alkalosis, potassium and chloride deficiencies 
Electrolyte Imbalance 
Skeletal muscle weakness 
Diminished reflexes 
Abnormal gastrointestinal motility 
Cramps 
Paresthesia 
Polyuria and oliguria 
Nocturia 
CNS abnormalities 
Constipation 
Cardial effects (conduction abnormalities, irregular rhythms and sudden death) 
Impaired kidney function 
Emotional lability and lassitude 
Potassium increase due to diuretic abuse causing cardiac abnormalities 
Depletion of sodium (hyponatremia) 
Dehydration 
Hyponatremia 
Edema 

GASTROINTESTINAL - ความผิดปกติของระบบทางเดินอาหาร
Abdominal pain, bloating, and fullness 
Esophageal perforations and lacerations (Mallory-Weiss Syndrome) 
Irritable bowel syndrome 
Ulceration of the bowel 
Malabsorption of nutrients leading to hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia and calcium deficiency 
Fatty infiltration of the liver 
Pancreatitis 
Exacerbation of hemorrhoids 
Esophagitis 
Melanosis coli 
Gastritis 
Gastric ulceration 
Intestinal injury 



GYNECOLOGIC - ความผิดปกติของระบบเจริญพันธุ์
Menstrual irregularity 
Amenorrhea 
Infertility 
Atrophic vaginitis and loss of sexual appetite 
Breast atrophy 

HEMATOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES - ความผิดปกติของเม็ดโลหิต
Anemia 
Leukopernia 
Thrombocytopenia 
Bone marrow may be deficient or hypocellular 

OPHTHALMOLOGIC  - ความผิดปกติของระบบการมองเห็น
Transient blurred vision 
Dark circles, puffiness under the eyes 

ORTHOPEDIC AND MUSCULOSKELETAL 
ความผิดปกติของระบบโครงสร้างและกระดูก
Osteoporosis 
Loss of muscle mass leading to muscular weakness 

PULMONARY - ความผิดปกติของระบบทางเดินหายใจ
Aspiration pneumonia 

RENAL - ความผิดปกติของระบบขับถ่ายปัสสาวะ
Prerenal and renal azotemia due to diminished renal pertusion and chronic dehydration 
Tubular and collecting system abnormalities due to electrolyte abnormality 
Predisposition to renal stones 
Kidney failure 

MISCELLANEOUS  - ความผิดปกติอื่นๆ เช่นระบบภูมิคุ้มกัน
Bacterial and fungal infections 
Bilateral parotid gland swelling